Main mineral phases were identified by using xray diffraction. In addition, these two models can be regarded as the first step for a future more indepth modeling work of the post combustion. An improved converter steelmaking process that achieves a great increase in the refining capability of topblown oxygen is provided. The phosphorus content in ld slag is too high to be reused in iron making and onehundredth percent of phosphorus go to the metal phase. The ld converter, named after the austrian towns linz and donawitz a district of leoben is a refined version of the bessemer converter where blowing of air is replaced with blowing oxygen 8. In order to increase output of alloy steels at the gussstahlwerk witten in germany a basic hotblast cupola was installed whereby scrap is melted into liquid iron which is charged either into an open hearth or into an ld converter, used largely for duplexing with electricarc furnaces. Because of the irrevocable importance of the process, there is continued interest in a dynamic simulation of the ld process. With content designed to serve professionals and students, this book starts with an overview of steelmaking and develops into a focused description of underlying scientific fundamentals and applications. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, or osm, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. An overview of use of linzdonawitz ld steel slag in. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Converter steelmaking with emphasis on ldtechnology bhm 147 2002 1275 17e. Global steel a five year outlook millenium steel 2002, 1621.
A thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies in partial fulfilent of the requirements for the degree. Ld process is a refining process which is carried out in a ld vesselor ld converterbof. The linzdonawitz ld converter is still the dominant process for converting hot metal into crude steel with the help of technically pure oxygen. Leaching of vanadium from ld converter slag using sulfuric. The steady temperature and p content in semisteel after the pretreatment in dep converter can provide a good. On contrary, the ldconvertertype dephosphorization process ldnrp has been in operation at the fukuyama no. The pdf24 creator installs for you a virtual pdf printer so that you can print your. Hotblast cupolald converter steelmaking springerlink. A simplified semiempirical method to select the processing parameters for laser clad coatings. It is noticeable that annual growth of dust quantities generated by main method of steelmaking i. The dephosphorization rate could reach 70% through the optimization of scrap size,bottom tuyer number and arrangement in dep converter. Converter carbon steelmaking boost your competitive edge with fullline solutions from the process inventor the demands placed on product quality, plant productivity and availability are on the rise. Methods are being developed to make use of this byproduct and large quantities are now employed in agriculture and in the production of aggregates in several european community ec countries. Steelmaking and refining volume ldkgn2,ar ldob o2,cnhm ldcb o2,co2.
Foamy slagiron emulsion with large gas bubbles and iron droplets after 5 min blowing. Dephosphorization pretreatment in ld converter and less. Control of slopping inbasic oxygen steelmaking by george k. Comparative assessment of ld converter and electric arc. Bof steelmaking, oxygen of high purity at least 99. Transfer of ld steelmaking process to japan 10,11,12 regarding pneumatic converter operation in japan, yawata had operational experiences of bessemer converter which lasted until 1927 and of 5 ton top blown converter since 1954. The 23metrictonperhr cupola has proven successful in combination with these units in producing high. Mass fraction of iron droplets suspended in slag and foam height in five test runs in a 55ton ld converter. Mineralogical study of ld converter slags was carried out by means. The process dynamics are modeled by dividing the ld convertor into three separate. The first metallurgical step is to reduce iron ore to metallic iron, a. Be able to understand basic layout of blast furnace, steelmaking shop and continuous casting process.
The flux consisting of 50n70 kgt lime, l1l6 kgt silica and 6 15 kgt fluorspar was added to the converter after the hot metal was poured. Ld converter, qbop process, and electric furnace process provide a. The methods to create pdf files explained here are free and easy to use. Steelmaking and remelting technologies your key to high. D converter has a basic lining of magnesite bricks permanent lining and dolomite bricks working lining. D converter has a basic lining of magnesite bricks. Media in category ld converter the following 20 files are in this category, out of 20 total. The change in the ratio of crude steel produced by ld converter is shown in figure 1 isij 1980, p. When used together with outoffurnace treatment units, this steelmaking method makes it possible to produce steel for hightechnology applications in accordance with the most stringent. A mathematical model was developed to quantify the effects of different operational parameters on the nitrogen content of steel produced during oxygen steelmaking. A dynamic model of ceramic particlesolidification front interaction p. Development of the ld process the story of the ld process a series of experiments began on june 3, 1949 on the former voest site, using a 2tonne experimental converter. Steelmaking before bessemer download ebook pdf, epub.
Systems and methods for processing sludge from a fume scrubbing system that scrubs fumes from a steelmaking converter in a manner that separatesisolates a significant portion of the metallic iron particles in the sludge and prepares these particles for convenient handling. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or. Us4356035a us06214,844 us21484480a us4356035a us 4356035 a us4356035 a us 4356035a us 21484480 a us21484480 a us 21484480a us 4356035 a us4356035 a us 4356035a authority us united states prior art keywords oxygen bath surface tuyeres melt converter prior art date 19791211 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Residence times of the droplets are strongly dependent on the decarburization rate, the co bubbles giving a.
Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore andor scrap. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low. Converter steelmaking process nippon steel corporation. Slagmetal emulsion plays an important role in the oxidation kinetics of metalloids in oxygen steelmaking. The distance from the iron bath surface to the converter mouth was 5 m. The importance of droplet generation rate, droplet size, and its residence time in the slagmetal emulsion on the overall reaction kinetics has become evident in recent times. In steelmaking, impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and excess carbon most important impurity are removed from the sourced iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium, carbon and vanadium are added to produce different grades of steel.
Modeling of gas flows in steelmaking decarburization. Mathematical model for nitrogen control in oxygen steelmaking. Bundesarchiv b 145 bildf0790450009, duisburg, thyssenstahlwerk, hochofen. Slag is a major byproduct of the basic oxygen steelmaking converter process bos. Download steelmaking before bessemer or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. Ld bof plants from primetals technologies lead the steelmaking sector in terms of reliability and economy. In germany, ld steelmaking accounts for around 75 % of production, while the electric arc furnace is used for 25 %. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, and osm, also known as linzdonawitz steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. Elrefaie3 abstract mass and energy balance equations are applied on top blowing bof and eaf steelmaking processes to detect the energy profile of production one ton steel by both processes. Ld converter is a welded construction of nonageing steel plates 8mm, the height of the vessel varies from 710m.
These variables include the type of coolants used scrap. Modeling of steelmaking processes dipak mazumdar, james. The major phases present in ld slag in other parts of world are also studied, that contain some reactive mineral phase such as 2cao. History and latest trends in converter practice for. Modern oxygenconverter steelmaking is a combination of a technology that has proven itself over many years and modern equipment that controls the steelmaking operation and protects the environment. In order to extract vanadium from ld linzdonawitz converter slag of steelmaking plant, an alkaline roastingacid leaching study was carried out and the effect of different parameters on the kinetics of vanadium dissolution was determined. Nkk revitalized basic thomas converter operation in 1954 with oxygen enriched air blow.
Ldconvertor atibir industries company limited steel. Beside hot metal, scrap is the most important charging material which acts as an additional iron source and coolant. During the initial stages of development of the bof process, only singlehole lances were used, but with increasing vessel size, multihole lances have come into vogue so that. Overview of the steelmaking process pellets sinter limestone coke iron ore coal scrap blast furnace ironmaking converter steelmaking ladle refining blast furnace steelmaking coalnatural gas plate hotrolled bars rods tube rounds rails slab billet bloom hotrolled and coldrolled strip coils structural shapes. The ld converters in this shop are used as a decarburization furnace in the first half of their vessel life and then as a dephosphorization furnace in the latter half. Change of production route asia electric arc furnace 50 t ladle furnace aod ccm sq. The recycling of linzdonawitz ld converter slag by use. Boc reduces capital cost of plants, time of smelting and increases labour productivity. More than half the worlds steel is produced in the basic oxygen process bop, which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blastfurnace iron and scrap into steel. Pdf l 11 converter steelmaking abdul aziz academia. Introduction to steel making free download as powerpoint presentation. Ld process is a refining process which is carried out in a ld vesselor ld converter bof.
Top oxygen blowing, widely referred to as the ld converter process, and steelmaking in the electric arc furnace, are nowadays the two most widely used steelmaking processes. Technical contribution to the 45th steelmaking seminar, may 25th28th, 2014, porto alegre, rs, brazil. The model predicts nitrogen removal by the co produced during decarburization and how the final nitrogen content is affected by different process variables. The furnace or converter is a barrel shaped, open topped, refractory lined vessel that can. The technology of hot metal dephosphorization pretreatment and less slag steelmaking process was optimized step by step in shougang jingtang.
Pdf download ironmaking and steelmaking processes free. Modeling of steelmaking processes meets that everpresent demand and provides a solid knowledge base on which to build. The process applies to an oxygen topblowing converter that also permits bottom blowing of gas and it is characterized by supplying oxygen from a topblowing lance and a bottomblowing nozzle substantially throughout the refining operation, with 2 vol. To develop computational and mathematical abilities to be applied for process design and control. Click download or read online button to get steelmaking before bessemer book now. Pig iron basedbasic oxygen steelmaking topblown converter process bottom blown converter qbopobm bath agitated processkomb 9. In an exemplary system, the system includes separating equipment that isolates metallic iron particles in the sludge and. Converter dephosphorized hot metal was charged together with two 45 t hot metals and was refined by blowing oxygen in a 70 t ld converter. The dephosphorization of hot metal outside the steelmaking.
Simulation of rod rolling to improve cold heading qualities p. In the area of steelmaking, bof plant practice including pretreatment of hot metal, metallurgical features of oxygen steelmaking processes, and their control form part of the book. A pdf creator and a pdf converter makes the conversion possible. Converter carbon steelmaking primetals technologies. Converter steelmaking ladle refining blast furnace steelmaking coalnatural gas plate hotrolled bars rods tube rounds rails slab billet bloom hotrolled and coldrolled strip coils structural shapes. Ironmaking and steelmaking metallurgical and materials. Creation and growth of oxygenconverter steelmaking. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at supersonic velocity. Alloying molten metal from the basic oxygen furnace is tapped into the ladle. However, if one goes back as far as the middle of the 19th century, one finds that henry bessemer, the englishman who developed the air refining process, what we now know as the. The basic oxygen converter or ld converter is a refined version of bessemer converter where air has been replaced by oxygen. The japanese steelmaking companies led the world to spread the technology of ld converter.
1090 1499 830 1197 870 772 193 566 173 329 1065 93 139 538 486 1058 1515 681 1524 500 100 203 1103 1234 118 126 431 1444 47 1275 694 282 150 1310 291 181 858 211 723 98