Basic thermodynamics video to text lecture notes 06 nptel free download as pdf file. Basic thermodynamics video to text lecture notes 06 nptel second. Carnots cycle realization in closed and open systems for ideal gas and vapour states. Ideal gas law and kinetic theory of gases chapter 20 entropy and the second law of thermodynamics now we to look at temperature, pressure, and internal energy in terms of the motion of molecules and atoms. The notion of entropy is needed to provide that wider scope of the law. The second law of thermodynamics is a physical law that is not symmetric to reversal of the time direction. Basic thermodynamics nptel online videos, courses iit.
Nptel syllabus advanced engineering thermodynamics web course course outline the present course on advanced engineering thermodynamics deals with indepth theories of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics introduces the notion of entropy s, a measure of system disorder messiness u is the quantity of a systems energy, s is the quality of a systems energy. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. Introduction to second law of thermodynamics youtube. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures. This section includes extremely refined notes for every lecture given in the course. Work and heat, first law of thermodynamics, pure substances and steam tables and ideal and real gases, basics of energy conversion cycles, second law of thermodynamics, entropy, availability and irreversibility.
The second law of thermodynamics is commonly referred to as the law of entropy, and it holds that energy becomes less usable over time. The second law of thermodynamics and carnots engine. And one place you always find entropy is in the second law of thermodynamics, because it allows us a third way to state the second law, which is that the total entropy of a closed system will always be seen to increase. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Thermodynamics is not concerned about how and at what rate these energy transformations are carried out, but is based on initial and final states of a system undergoing the change. The second law of thermodynamics is probably the most important axiom or law of nature in. Gases expand from a high pressure to a low pressure. Applied thermodynamics pdf engineering, mechanical.
This video tell why second law, discuss about engine cycles, kelvin plank and clausius statements, refrigerator and heat pump and their cops for more explanation refer engineering thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics this law places fundamental limitations on the efficiency of an engine or a power plant. Som, department of mechanical engineering, iit kharagpur. Applied thermodynamics videos, lectures, classes, courses, books, tutorials nptel thermodynamics videos, thermodynamics video lectures, thermodynamics video classes. Nptel nptel online certification course course on laws. The second law of thermodynamics states that the heat energy cannot transfer from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature without the addition of energy. To learn more about the laws, check out the law of thermodynamics pdf. The major interactions that occur in thermodynamics are between the systems and their environments. Lecture notes thermodynamics of materials materials science. Therefore, while the quantity, based on the first law, of. Work and efficiency as motivation for the development of the second law, we examine two types of processes that.
However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of fipse and the department of education, and. Carnots cycle thermodynamic behavior of a pure substance and properties. The second law of thermodynamics tells us that it is not possible to convert all the heat absorbed by a system into work. This law states consider three bodies namely a, b, c, if a and b are individually in thermal equilibrium with a third body c then, the bodies a and b also will. Relate to the 1st law of thermodynamics thermal expansion cracking the nut. Sign in 4 applications of second law of thermodynamics. The amount of heat transferred depends upon the speed and motion of the atoms or molecules, as they interact with one another. Laws of thermodynamics apply only when a system is in equilibrium or moves from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state. Property relationships for pure substances and mixtures, thermodynamic relations, ideal gas mixtures, combustion thermodynamics, gas power cycles, vapour power cycles, refrigeration cycles, reciprocating compressors, compressible flows and steam nozzles. Nobel laureate physicist erwin schrodinger went against the second law of thermodynamics which says that a system tends toward greater disorder sheiman writes, deleting from the law the important conditional in a closed system. In contrast to mechanics, thermodynamics does not possess equations of motion. Q, is the product of the temperature t, both of the system and of the sources or destination of the heat, with the increment ds of the. First law of thermodynamics, does not govern the direction of natural processes.
It also places limitations on the minimum energy input needed to operate a refrigerator. For the reversible isothermal process, for the gas. There are four laws of thermodynamics, they are zeroth law of thermodynamics first law of thermodynamics second law of thermodynamics third law of thermodynamics zeroth law of thermodynamics. This is why running an air conditioner for a long period of time, costs you money. Nptel, online courses and certification, learn for free. Physical processes in nature can proceed toward equilibrium spontaneously. The second law of thermodynamics is concerned with the maximum fraction of a quantity of heat that can be converted into work. Learn for free, pay a small fee for exam and get a certificate. Hindi second law of thermodynamics l heat engine l heat pump l refrigerator l gate 2018 mechanical duration. Preserving the quality of energy is a major concern of engineers. Technically, if its a reversible process, the entropy could stay the same. Second law of thermodynamics, entropy and availbility. The increase of the internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of the heat added to the system plus the work done on the system. We will introduce the rst and second law for open systems.
Lecture 14 ideal gas law and terms of the motion of. Choosing a clever system is half the solution of many thermodynamical problems. This does not conflict with notions that have been observed of the fundamental laws of physics, namely cpt symmetry, since the second law applies statistically, it is hypothesized, on timeasymmetric boundary conditions. Second law of thermodynamics the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy. The zeroth law of thermodynamics is essentially equivalent to the transitive property of mathematics. The second law of thermodynamics is also used in determining the theoretical limits for the performance of commonly used engineering systems, such as heat engines and refrigerators, as well as predicting the degree of completion of chemical reactions. The second law of thermodynamics for the free expansion, we have. This course is on basic engineering thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics florida state university. The final entropy must be greater than the initial entropy for an irreversible process.
Understanding the zeroth law of thermodynamics high. A process can occur when and only when it satisfies both the first and the second laws of thermodynamics. Irreversibility and the second law of thermodynamics. As many creationists do, he implies that the existence of life on earth violates the second law of thermodynamics. Limitation of first law the first law of thermodynamic states that a certain energy flow takes place when a system undergoes a process or change of state is possible or not. Some of this material is quite challenging, be sure to read this material carefully. The first, second, and third law of thermodynamics. Hero of alexandria documents many early thermal engines. The second law also asserts that energy has a quality. The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two separate systems are in equilibrium with a third system, then they are in equilibrium with each other.
Basic concepts of thermodynamics thermodynamics and energy. And entropy, you always find this guy lurking around. Why it is important to formulate the law for open systems can be illustrated with fig. Thermodynamics second law of thermodynamics in the course of discussions on the first law of thermodynamics we concluded that all kinds of energy are equally useful, none of them is a preferred one, but in the case of isolated system it has to be conserved. So the second law is directly relevant for many important practical problems. Second law of thermodynamics definition of second law of. Biological thermodynamics is the quantitative study of the energy transductions that occur in or between living organisms, structures, and cells and of the nature and function of the chemical processes underlying these transductions.
This document covers entropy, the second law, and its applications to chemical equilibrium at a level. The second law of thermodynamics the second law of thermodynamics states that processes occur in a certain direction, not in just any direction. Lecture notes will be provided and supplemented with assignments that. Biological thermodynamics may address the question of whether the benefit associated with any particular phenotypic trait is worth the energy investment it requires. The answer to such irreversibility resides the second law of thermodynamics which explained in this and the next lecture. The carnot heat engine is discussed in detail to show how there is an. Suppose a certain quantity of energy q as heat can be received from a body at temperature t. The second law of thermodynamics explains the phenomenon of irreversibility and the increasing entropic trend of nature. This, in turn, is due to the fact that thermodynamical pro.
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